Vector Image

The key thing is, the image is not represented by an array of pixel values, it’s an file recording the points and lines. Thus you can visualize the image at different resolution and different scale.

Vector formats are like

• PDF
• SVG
• AI
• EPS

Reference

Inkscape Editting talks about the basic of exportting and editting Vector images.

For exporting figures from common scientific computing languages, please see plotting in matlab and python